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2005
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545i Automatic
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Repair and Diagnosis
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Steering
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Power Steering
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Steering - Overview
Steering - Overview
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Active Front Steering
Notes
New System Features
Advantages Of The System
Components
DSC Sensor
Active Front Steering Control Unit
Input Signals
Total Steering-Angle Sensor
Steering-Angle Sensor
Motor Position Sensor of Actuating Unit
Safety & Gateway Module (SGM)
Hydraulic Pump
Hydraulic Schematic with ECO Valve
Power-Steering Cooler
Active Front Steering Actuating Unit
Principle Of Operation
Functions Of Active Front Steering
Notes
Variable Steering Gear Ratio
Yaw-Rate Control
Power-Steering Support
System Safety
Switch-on Conditions
Service Information
AFS Initialization/Adjustment
Wheel Alignment
Interference in Radio Reception
Diagnosis & Coding
Servotronic