Steering System-General Information

• Specifications
  • General Specifications Chart
• Description And Operation
  • Steering System
• Diagnosis And Testing
  • Steering System
    • Notes
    • Principles of Operation
      • Variable Assist Power Steering (VAPS)
    • Inspection and Verification
    • 4WAS/VAPS Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Notes
      • Steering System Symptom Definitions
        • Drift/Pull
        • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
        • Feedback
        • Hard Steering or Lack of Assist
        • Nibble
        • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
        • Shimmy
        • Wander
    • Symptom Chart
    • Pinpoint Tests
      • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The 4WAS Module/Unable To Enter Self-Test
      • Pinpoint Test B: DTC 1897 - Steering VAPS Circuit Loop Failure
      • Pinpoint Test C: Steering System Noise
      • Pinpoint Test D: Steering Is Very Difficult/Very Easy
      • Pinpoint Test E: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
      • Pinpoint Test F: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
    • Component Tests
      • Steering Linkage
      • Turning Effort Test
      • Pump Flow and Pressure Test
      • Steering Gear Valve
• General Procedures
  • Power Steering System Flushing
  • Power Steering System Purging
  • Power Steering System Filling