Included Angle

Included angle is sum of S.A.I. angle plus or minus camber angle, depending on whether or not wheel has positive or negative camber. See Figure . If camber is positive, add camber angle to S.A.I. angle. If camber is negative, subtract camber angle from S.A.I. angle. Included angle is not adjustable, but can be used to diagnose a frame misalignment or bent suspension component (spindle, strut).