Engine Performance: System: Turbocharger: Operation
Air enters the air filter and proceeds through an air-flow meter. It is then compressed by an impeller and cooled by the heat exchanger before reaching the throttle body. Fuel is injected in each manifold runner and enters the air stream, just ahead of the intake valves.
The fuel-air mixture enters the cylinders through intake valves. Combustion gases leave through exhaust valves and travel through exhaust manifold to turn the impellers of the turbocharger.
The wastegate diverts the exhaust gas from the turbine directly to the exhaust system when a maximum boost of 13 psi (.91 kg/cm2 ) is reached. A knock sensor retards the ignition timing when the engine encounters spark knock.